系動(dòng)詞的功能
把表語(yǔ)(名詞、形容詞、某些副詞、非謂詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、從句)和它的主語(yǔ)聯(lián)系在一起，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的屬性、特征或狀態(tài)。它有自己的但不完全的詞義，不能在句中獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，須和后面的表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)。
系動(dòng)詞分類(lèi)：
一、根據(jù)系動(dòng)詞后所跟結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可以把英語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞分為兩大類(lèi)：完全系動(dòng)詞(其后只能跟表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，如be, seem)和半系動(dòng)詞(其后既可跟表語(yǔ)作系動(dòng)詞用法，也可跟賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用，如look) 例如：1) He looked sadly at the boy.(“看著”，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用法) He looks a clever boy .(“看起來(lái)”，系動(dòng)詞用法) 2) He looks at a clever boy.(“看著”，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用法)
在英語(yǔ)中，某一動(dòng)詞是多義詞，既有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用法，又有系動(dòng)詞用法。此類(lèi)常見(jiàn)易混詞有： change listen look touch ① turn ② hear ③ see ④ become sound seem feel eat continue last remain ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ continue ⑧ stay taste keep remain leave
二、根據(jù)系動(dòng)詞的意義，我們把英語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞分為四類(lèi)：A.五大感官系動(dòng)詞 B.狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞C.動(dòng)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞 D.雙謂語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞A.五大感官系動(dòng)詞，描述一種感官性質(zhì)。由實(shí)義感官動(dòng)詞變化而來(lái)，都是半系動(dòng)詞。1.look“看起來(lái)像是”，后接adj.、n.、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式等。 The girl bit her lips and looked thoughtful.這位女孩咬著嘴唇，看上去若有所思。2.smell“聞起來(lái)”，后接adj.分詞。 The flowers smell sweet. 這些花氣味真香。3.sound“聽(tīng)起來(lái)”，后接adj.\分詞。 The music sounds sweet.這首詩(shī)聽(tīng)起來(lái)真悅耳。4.taste“嘗起來(lái)”，后接adj.\分詞。The apples taste very good. 這些蘋(píng)果很好吃。5.Feel ①“摸起來(lái)，給……感覺(jué)”;②“覺(jué)得”，后接adj./p.p. You will feel better after a night’s sleep. 睡上一晚，你會(huì)覺(jué)得好些。B.狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞：1.be，“是”，屬完全系動(dòng)詞。 I am a student. 我是一個(gè)學(xué)生。2.seem,“似乎，好像”，完全系動(dòng)詞。 They seem quite happy. 他們似乎很快樂(lè)。3.appear,“顯得，看起來(lái)好像”，半系動(dòng)詞。 It appeared(to be)a true story.看來(lái)這是一個(gè)真實(shí)的故事。4.keep, “保持……的狀態(tài)”，半系動(dòng)詞，后接adj或介詞短語(yǔ)。 You’d better go to bed and keep warm. 你最好躺在床上去暖和一下。5.remain,“仍是”，半系動(dòng)詞。 I remained silent. 我仍然緘默。6.stay“保持(某種狀態(tài))”，半系動(dòng)詞，后接adj.、過(guò)去分詞。 The window stayed open all the night.7.prove “證明是”，半系動(dòng)詞，后接adj.. The treatment proved to be successful. 這種療法證明是成功的。C.動(dòng)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞：都屬于半系動(dòng)詞，描述狀態(tài)變化過(guò)程。1.get“變成，變得……起來(lái)”，后可接形容詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)。 The days are getting longer and longer. 白天變得越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)了。 2.fall“進(jìn)入(某種狀態(tài))，成為”，后常接以下形容詞：asleep, lame, silent, ill, sick, flat. The old men, unable to express himself, fell silent. 那位老人說(shuō)不清自己的意思，就不做聲了。 My father fell ill and died. 我的父親生病死了。3.grow“漸漸變得……起來(lái)，長(zhǎng)得” It’s growing warm. 天氣漸漸暖和起來(lái)了。4.turn“轉(zhuǎn)變成(新的與原來(lái)完全不同的色彩或性質(zhì))，變質(zhì)(色)”。 Maple trees turn red in autumn. 楓葉在秋天變紅了。 5.go，“變成(某種壞的狀態(tài))” The telephone has gone dead. 電話(huà)不通了。 The material has gone a funny colour. 這料子的顏色變得奇怪了。 go之后常接的adj. 還有：bad, blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry, mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey, naked. 6.become“變成，成為(好壞均可的情況)”I became interested in drawing. 我開(kāi)始對(duì)素描感興趣了。 He became angry with me. 他對(duì)我生氣了。
7.come，“變成為(已知的狀態(tài))，證實(shí)為”，后常接形容詞或前綴un-的過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示狀態(tài)或情況的變化。His wish to become a pilot has come true. 他想當(dāng)飛行員的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)了。
后面常接的形容詞還有：apart, dear(昂貴)，natural, open, short, right(好了)，unstuck(沒(méi)有粘住)，untied(松開(kāi))。 8.run,“變成”，后接adj. The price ran high. 價(jià)格上升了。9.make，“達(dá)到某種狀態(tài)[后接形容詞]，如sure, certain, merry, bold, free We must make certain of facts.我們一定要弄清事實(shí)。
D.雙謂語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞 此類(lèi)系動(dòng)詞既有系動(dòng)詞的功能，后接表語(yǔ)，又保留原實(shí)義動(dòng)詞本身的含義。
例如：The run rose red.太陽(yáng)升起紅艷艷。She stopped and stood quite still.她停下來(lái)然后一絲不動(dòng)地站著。The snow lay thick on the ground. 雪厚厚地堆積在地上。He married young. 他結(jié)婚很早。Lei Feng died young.雷鋒早逝。He continued silent.他繼續(xù)沉默不語(yǔ)。IV.系動(dòng)詞與高考及其練習(xí)
1.系動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)于單項(xiàng)選擇題中 ①The story sounds_________________(MET 89) A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true②Those oranges taste__________(MET 91) A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well③---Are you feeling___________? ---Yes, I’m fine now/(NMET92) A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better④----Can I join the club, Dad. ----You can when you _________a bit older.(NMET 94) A. get B. will get C. get D. will have got ⑤---Do you like the material? ----Yes, it _______very soft.(NMET 94) A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt⑥I love to go to the seaside on Summer. It_____ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.(NMET 96) A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes⑦Cleaning women in big cities usually get _______by the hour.(NMET 98) A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay⑧Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will _____ for several days.(NMET2003) A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed(以上七題答案分別如下：1.D, 2.A, 3.B, 4.A, 5.C, 6.B, 7.C, 8.B) 2.系動(dòng)詞與短文改錯(cuò) They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.(were)
I’d like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.(be) 3.系動(dòng)詞鞏固練習(xí) ①What you have said_______. A.is sounded interesting B sounds interestingC.sound interested D.listens interested ②The class begins. Please keep________. A.silent B.silence C.the silence D.silently ③Look! Several people in the crowd seemed_______. A.to be fighting B.to have fought C.being fought D.having fought ④How _____the song she sings sounds! I have never ______a better voice. A.beautifully, sounded B.beautiful, sounded C.sweet, listened to D.sweet, heard ⑤Her feeling about the marriage ______rather strange. A.is looked B.is seemed C.seems D.is appeared ⑥The new shirt______ right. A.doesn’t feel B.isn’t felt C.isn’t feeling D.doesn’t touch ⑦How happy it_______ for me to be home again after twenty years abroad! A.gives B.feels C.is felt D.is given ⑧John _____driver since two months ago. A.became a B.has become a C.has turned D.has been a ⑨He _____he felt very _______over the death of the boy. A.seemed that, sad B.seemed as if, sadly C.looked as though, sad D.looked that, sadness ⑩The ice_____ thick on the river. A.is lain B.lay C.laid D.lie(其答案分別是：1——5：BAADC，6——10：ABDCB)
一、表語(yǔ)從句的定義：表語(yǔ)從句放在連系動(dòng)詞之后，充當(dāng)復(fù)合句中的表語(yǔ)。
二、表語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡(jiǎn)單句
三、引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的種類(lèi)： 1. 可接表語(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。China is no longer what she used to be. 今日的中國(guó)不再是過(guò)去的中國(guó)了。 The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 問(wèn)題還是他們能否幫我們。 2. 從屬連詞whether, as, as if / though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起來(lái)還與十年前一樣。 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 聽(tīng)起來(lái)好像有人在敲門(mén)。
3. because, why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句That's because he didn't understand me. 那是因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有理解我�！�(That's because...強(qiáng)調(diào)原因) That's why he got angry with me. 那正是他對(duì)我生氣的原因�！�(That's why...強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果) what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句表示結(jié)果或名詞reason作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面的表語(yǔ)從句表示原因時(shí)要用that引導(dǎo)，不宜用because。 The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me. 我難過(guò)的原因是他沒(méi)有理解我。4. 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 連接副詞 where, when, how, why。如： The problem is who we can get to replace her. 問(wèn)題是我們能找到誰(shuí)去替換她呢。 The question is how he did it. 問(wèn)題是他是如何做此事的。 5. 從屬連詞that。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。6. 使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表語(yǔ)從句在表示建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用"should+動(dòng)詞原形" 表示，should可省略。常見(jiàn)的詞有：advice，suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea等。 My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。
四、應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題：1. 連系動(dòng)詞be，appear，seem，look等之后可以跟表語(yǔ)從句。It was because he didn't pass the exam. 那是因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有通過(guò)考試。It seems(that)he was late for the train. 看來(lái)他沒(méi)搭上火車(chē)。It appears that she was wrong. 看來(lái)她錯(cuò)了。It seems to me that we should answer for this. 在我看來(lái)，我們似乎應(yīng)該對(duì)此事負(fù)責(zé)。It appears to her that he wants to teach us all he has. 在她看來(lái)，他似乎要把他所會(huì)的都教給我們。2. 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有以下幾類(lèi)。1)wh-疑問(wèn)詞My question is who left. 我想問(wèn)的是誰(shuí)離開(kāi)了。 That's what he wants. 那是他想要的。What I wonder is when he left. 我想知道他是何時(shí)離開(kāi)的。This is where they once lived. 這就是他們?cè)?jīng)住過(guò)的地方。That is why he didn't come here. 這就是他為何沒(méi)到這兒來(lái)的原因。2)whether My question is whether he left(or not). 我的問(wèn)題是他是否離開(kāi)了。 注：if不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。3)that The fact is that he left. 事實(shí)是他離開(kāi)了。The truth is(that)I didn't go there. 事實(shí)是我沒(méi)去那兒。 注：引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連詞that間或可以省略。4)because，as，as if，as though It's just because he doesn't know her. 這是僅僅因?yàn)樗徽J(rèn)識(shí)她。Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不總是如其表象。
He looks as if he's tired. 他好像累了
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