常考詞的語法與用法:experience, experiment, expert, explain

編輯: 逍遙路 關鍵詞: 高中英語 來源: 高中學習網(wǎng)


◆experience n.

1. 用作名詞,表示“經(jīng)驗”、“體驗”,是不可數(shù)名詞;而表示“經(jīng)歷”、“感受”,通常是可數(shù)名詞。如:

Experience is the best teacher. 經(jīng)驗是最好的老師。

I know from experience that he will arrive late. 據(jù)我的經(jīng)驗,他會遲到的。

He had many interesting experiences while travelling inAfrica. 他在非洲旅行時,有很多有趣的經(jīng)歷。

表示做某事的經(jīng)驗,其后通常不接不定式,而接 in [of] doingsth。如:

He has had many years’ experience in [of] wheat planting [planting wheat]. 他有多年種小麥的經(jīng)驗。

He has had much experience in [of] this kind of work. 他有豐富的經(jīng)驗做這項工作。

比較:experiece in [of] teaching=teaching experience(教學經(jīng)驗)

2. 用作動詞,表示“體驗”、“經(jīng)歷”等,只用作及物動詞。如:

The child had never experienced kindness. 這孩子從未受過善待。

He experienced great hardships for the first time in his life. 他有生以來第一次體驗到巨大的艱苦。

注:有時其過去分詞用作形容詞。如:

He’s quite experienced in [at] teaching beginners. 他在教初學者方面很有經(jīng)驗。

Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使有經(jīng)驗的教師也可能犯錯誤。

◆experiment n. & v.

1. 用作名詞,表示抽象意義的“試驗”或“嘗試”,通常是不可數(shù)名詞;表示具體意義的“實驗”或“試驗”,通常是可數(shù)名詞;要表示“做實驗”,通常用動詞 do, make, carry out, perform 等。如:

Some people learn by experiment and others by experience. 有的人通過實驗學習,有的人通過經(jīng)驗學習。

They are doing [making] a physical experiment. 他們在做物理實驗。

They carried out an experiment on him (on the monkey). 他們對他(猴子)做了個實驗。

2. 有時用作動詞,通常只用作不及物動詞。如:

We experiments on [upon] animals. 我們用動物做實驗。

◆expert n. & adj.

既可用作名詞(意為“專家”),也可以用作形容詞(意為“熟練的”)。表示某一方面的專家或能手,通常用介詞 at, in, on。比較:

她是教小孩的能手。

正:She is an expert at [in, on] teaching children.

正:She is expert at [in, on] teaching children.

注:表示某一方面的能手或?qū)<,通常不用介詞 of。如:

他是一位火箭專家。

誤:He is an expert of rockets.

正:He is an expert at [in, on] rockets.

◆explain v.

1. 表示“解釋”,通常不接雙賓語(若語義上需要這類結構,可以改用 explain sth to sb)。如:

請把這條規(guī)則給我們解釋一下。

誤:Please explain us this rule.

正:Please explain this rule to us.

若其中的 sth 較長或較復雜 (比如是不定式或從句),也可以用explain to sb sth。如:

He explained to us why he was late. 他給我們解釋了他遲到的原因。

2. 其后可接反身代詞賓語,意為把自己的意思解釋清楚或為自己的行為作出解釋等。如:

Could you explain yourself a bit more? 你能把意思說得更清楚點嗎?

Explain yourself. Why did you do it? 你解釋一下,你為什么干那樣的事?


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