Have you ever finished reading a piece of writing and then felt totally baffled about the intended meaning? Sometimes this is a sign that you are reading an advanced textbook, but sometimes this is a sign you're just reading unclear writing!

你是否有這樣的經(jīng)歷，閱讀完成一些作品后對其想要表達的含義摸不著頭腦？遇到這種情況，可能是提示你正在閱讀一本深奧的書籍，也有可能是這些作品的思路本身是不清晰的。

Bad writing is unkempt. It is disorganized and inappropriatelydecorated. It includes a lot of flashy words that just don’t fit.

質量差的寫作是不整潔的。文章的修飾是無組織或不恰當?shù)�。文章中包含很多華麗的詞匯卻使用不得當。

The seven rules below will help you identify and create organized, clear writing that leaves the reader informed and satisfied.

這七條規(guī)則可以幫助你鑒別和創(chuàng)作有組織的結構清晰的文章，使讀者更容易理解。

1. Say what you mean 說出你想表達的含義

Overly fancy words are not necessarily direct words, and they often fail to state your point clearly.

使用過多奇幻的詞匯是不必要的，并且這些詞匯可能會干擾你清晰地表達自己的觀點。

You should certainly be willing to improve your vocabulary, but there is an art to doing this without sounding like you’re trying a bit too hard. If you find that your writing sounds too vague or elementary, you must avoid going overboard with fancy-sounding words and, instead, try to find more precise words.

對于這種情況，你當然應該提高詞匯量,這里有一種聽起來不太費力的方法可以改善這個問題。如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)你的寫作聽起來太過含糊或基礎，你必須避免過量使用聽起來不切實際的詞語,相反,試著使用更精確的詞語。

2. Give your readers a road map 為讀者提供引導圖

Our brains like to receive messages in a tidy order. They don’t like to be surprised by a big point ? which is why introductory statements are important. When writing, it is generally a good idea to start broad and provide an overview of the information to come. But don’t worry so much about this on your first draft.

我們的大腦喜歡接受有次序的信息，而不是無序雜亂的信息，因此引言是非常重要的。在寫作時，從整體的角度對全文的信息做一個概述是個不錯的想法。但在寫初稿時可以先不考慮概述。

You should never expect to write all of your messages in the correct order on the very first try ? no matter what type of messages you are writing. You can reorder paragraphs and sentences for your final draft.

在寫初稿時，不論是哪種文章，我們都不能保證第一次寫作就將文章順序一次調整好�？梢栽谥蟮男薷漠斨兄匦抡{整段落和句子的順序。

3. Get to the point 適時切入主題

As mentioned above, every paragraph should have an introductory statement. This is important to establish a context or a background for the main point of a paragraph. But you should avoid overdoing it with the intro. Don’t surroundyour point ? just introduce it and then go for it!

像之前提到的，每一段落都應該有一句引言引出段落內容。這對于建立段落的上下文背景是非常重要的。但應該避免引言過多。不要一直圍繞主題敘述，引出主題然后直接展開論述。

4. Cut the fat 去掉不需要的部分

Every single writer who ever published a paper or a book has had to chop off some paragraph, page, or chapter that they loved. But if it doesn’t serve a purpose, it should go. But cutting the fat is healthy.

每個曾經(jīng)發(fā)表過文章的人都有這樣的經(jīng)歷，文章中作者喜歡的段落，頁面，章節(jié)可能會被刪除。但如果這些內容沒有為文章的主題服務，那么這些內容應該被刪除。但剪切掉這些內容可以使文章更精簡。

5. Don’t jolt the reader’s brain 避免與讀者的思路沖突

You may have some excellent paragraphs, but they are not going to be very pleasing to read if they jump awkwardlyfrom topic to topic. As you revise your paper, be sure to order your paragraphs in a sensible fashion and create smooth transitions between them. It just takes a few minutes extra, but it’s worth your time.

你可能會有一些很好的段落，但是這些內容從一個主題生硬地跳轉到另一個主題，不符合讀者的閱讀思路。在你修訂自己的文章時，確保你的段落采用一種合適的組織順序，且段落之間轉換流暢。這些工作可能只花費幾分鐘的時間，但收獲卻是值得的。

6. Use meaningful examples 使用有意義的舉例

If you are attempting to explain something complicated to your reader, it is a good idea to provide examples that will clarify the subject. But make sure your examples are meaningful.

如果你嘗試向讀者解釋一些復雜的事務，提供一些切合主題且闡明主題的例子。確信你的舉例是有意義的。

Imagery is a good tool for showing examples. Graphs and tables will work, but whatever you decide to use to clarify your point, try it out on a friend. Have a friend, parent, or teacher read the segment with the example and see if it makes sense to them.

圖像是展示例證的得力工具。圖表同樣起作用，但不論你決定使用什么例子來闡明你的主題，試著讓朋友，父母或老師來讀這些例證材料來看看這些舉例是否對他們同樣有效。

7. Punctuate properly 合理添加標點

Observe the difference between these statements:

觀察下面的句子有哪些不同：

I once saw a man-eating frog.

我曾看到過可供人食用的青蛙。

I once saw a man eating frog.

我曾看到過吃青蛙的人。

You can change the meaning of a sentence pretty drastically when you leave out some punctuationmarks. What about this:

遺漏一些標點可以徹底地改變句子的意思，比如下面這句：

That that that that teacher wrote was incorrect.

It’s a little better when you punctuate with:

添加標點后句子會更易懂：

That “that” that that teacher wrote was incorrect.

那個老師寫的“that”是不正確的。

Even if those examples are a little goofy, they do demonstrate the importance of punctuating.

盡管這些例子有一些夸張，它們卻表明了標點符號的重要性。

本文來自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://www.simonabridal.com/gaozhong/703099.html

相關閱讀：高中英語 語法陷阱題800例-時態(tài)

闂備胶绮〃鍛存偋婵犲倴缂氶柛顐ゅ枔閻濆爼鏌ｅΔ鈧悧濠囷綖閺嶎厽鐓ユ繛鎴炵懅椤ｅ弶绻濋埀顒佸閺夋垶顥濋梺鎼炲劀閸愨晜娈介梺璇叉捣閹虫挸锕㈤柆宥呮瀬閺夊牄鍔庨々鏌ユ煙閻戞ɑ纾荤紒顔芥尵缁辨捇宕橀埡浣轰患闂佽桨闄嶉崐婵嬬嵁鐎ｎ喗鍋い鏍ㄧ椤斿洭姊洪崨濠勬噭闁搞劏鍋愬☉鐢稿焵椤掑嫭鐓熸慨妯煎帶濞呮瑧绱掓潏銊х畼闁归濞€婵＄兘鏁傞悾灞稿亾椤曗偓閹嘲鈻庤箛鎾亾婵犳艾纾婚柨婵嗘椤╃兘鏌涘☉鍗炲闁轰讲鏅犻幃璺衡槈閺嵮冾瀱缂傚倸绉靛Λ鍐箠閹捐宸濇い鏃囧Г鐎氳櫕绻涚€涙ḿ鐭嬪ù婊€绮欓崺鈧い鎺嗗亾闁稿﹦鎳撻敃銏ゅ箥椤旀儳宕ュ┑鐐叉濞寸兘鎯屽畝鍕厵缂備焦锚婵啰绱掔捄铏逛粵缂佸矂浜堕崺鍕礃瑜忕粈鈧梺璇插缁嬫帡鏁嬮梺绋款儏缁夊墎鍒掑顑炴椽顢旈崪鍐惞闂備礁鎼悧鍡欑矓鐎涙ɑ鍙忛柣鏂垮悑閺咁剟鎮橀悙璺轰汗闁荤喐绻堥弻鐔煎几椤愩垹濮曞┑鐘亾濞撴埃鍋撴鐐茬Ч閸┾偓妞ゆ帒瀚€氬顭跨捄渚剱缂傚秮鍋撻梻浣瑰缁嬫垶绺介弮鍌滅當濠㈣埖鍔曠粻銉╂煙缁嬪潡顎楁い搴㈡崌閺岋綁鍩￠崗锕€缍婂畷锝堫槻闁崇粯妫冨鎾倷閸忓摜鐭楅梺鑽ゅУ閸斞呭緤婵傜ǹ绠查柕蹇嬪€曡繚闂佺ǹ鏈崙鐟懊洪妶澶嬬厱婵炲棙鍔曢悘鈺傤殽閻愬弶鍠樼€殿喚鏁婚、妤呭磼濠婂啳顔夐梻浣告惈閻楀棝藝閹殿喚鐭撻柛锔诲幐閸嬫挸顫濋浣规嫳婵犲痉銈勫惈闁诡噮鍣ｉ、妯衡攽鐎ｎ偅鐣堕梻浣告惈椤р偓闁瑰嚖鎷�/闂佸搫顦弲婊呮崲閸愵亝鍏滈柤绋跨仛娴溿倖绻濋棃娑掔湅婵炲吋鍔欓弻锝夊Ω閵夈儺浠奸梺鍝ュ仜椤曨參鍩€椤掆偓濠€鍗炩枍閵忋垺顫曟繝闈涚墛鐎氭氨鈧懓瀚妯煎緤濞差亝鈷戞い鎰剁磿缁愭棃鏌涚€ｎ偆澧紒鍌涘浮楠炲棝寮堕幐搴晭 bjb@jiyifa.com 濠电偞鍨堕幐楣冨磻閹惧瓨鍙忛柕鍫濐槹閺咁剟鎮橀悙璺轰汗妞ゅ繗浜槐鎾存媴閸濄儳顔夐梺缁樻惈缁辨洟鍩€椤掆偓濠€閬嶅磿閹寸姵顫曟繝闈涱儏鐎氬銇勯幒鎴濃偓鏄忋亹閺屻儲鍊堕煫鍥ㄦ尰椤ョ娀鏌ｅ┑鍥╂创鐎规洘姘ㄩ幏鐘诲箵閹烘柧鎮ｉ梻鍌氬€哥€氥劑宕愰幋锕€鐒垫い鎺戯攻鐎氾拷