1在復(fù)合句中做定語(yǔ)的從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)從句,它可以用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句必須放在先行詞后面。
2引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞通常被稱(chēng)為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞一般位于先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間,且作為定語(yǔ)從句的一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系詞又分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。
語(yǔ)法知識(shí)
I 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。例如:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見(jiàn)的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
2) whose 用來(lái)指人或物,(只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物,它還可以同of which互換)。例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車(chē)壞了,大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。
3)which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ))
The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ))
II. 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。
1) 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如:
I will never forget the day when I met her. 我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我見(jiàn)到她的那一天
Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關(guān)系副詞,可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,在口語(yǔ)中that常被省略。例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過(guò)的地方。
III.判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
方法一: 用關(guān)系代詞,還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ),就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞;而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 這是我去年呆過(guò)的山村。
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記與你共事的日子。
判斷改錯(cuò):
(錯(cuò)) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(錯(cuò)) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(對(duì)) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(對(duì)) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。
方法二: 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案:例1 D,例2 A
例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分為賓語(yǔ),而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表語(yǔ),又可做從句的賓語(yǔ),可以省略關(guān)系代詞,所以應(yīng)選D。
而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全,從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn),既可用副詞where,又因 in the museum詞組,可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中,介詞on 用的不對(duì),所以選A。
關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分,先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí),選擇關(guān)系代詞(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 ( where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),why 原因狀語(yǔ)) 。
本文來(lái)自:逍遙右腦記憶 http://www.simonabridal.com/gaozhong/774525.html
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