動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)概述
1.時(shí)態(tài)是一種語法范疇,是用以表示各種時(shí)間和動(dòng)作方面的動(dòng)詞形式。
謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)決定了整句的時(shí)態(tài)。
時(shí)間有四個(gè)主要部分,即現(xiàn)在,過去,將來和過去將來。動(dòng)作方面也有四種,即一般,完成,進(jìn)行和完成進(jìn)行。將這些時(shí)間與動(dòng)作方面組合在一起,即構(gòu)成16種時(shí)態(tài)。如下:
現(xiàn)在 : 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) I work
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) I have worked
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) I am working
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) I have been working
過去 : 一般過去時(shí) I worked
過去完成時(shí) I had worked
過去進(jìn)行時(shí) I was working
過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) I had been working
將來時(shí)態(tài): 一般將來 I shall work
將來完成 I shall have worked
將來進(jìn)行 I shall be working
將來完成進(jìn)行 I shall have been working
過去將來 : 一般過去將來 I should work
過去將來完成 I should have worked
過去將來進(jìn)行 I should be working
過去將來完成 I should have been working
了解常見的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法:
時(shí)態(tài)名稱 句型結(jié)構(gòu)(以sing為例) 常用時(shí)間狀語
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 主語+ sing
sings(第三人稱單數(shù))
be= am/is/are In the morning/afternoon/
Evening;
Every day/week/year;
Sometimes, often,
usually, always;等
一般過去時(shí) 主語+sang (過去式)
be=was/were Yesterday, last week;
Two years ago; in 1980;等
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 主語+am
is +singing現(xiàn)在分詞
are Now
These days、years等
過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 主語+ was +singing
were At 5:00 last Monday;
This time yesterday等
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 主語+have +sung過去分詞
has Ever; never;already;
Yet; for+一段時(shí)間等
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 主語+have +been singing
has Since last year;for ten month;
All the time等
過去完成時(shí) 主語+had done 過去分詞 過去終止點(diǎn)的時(shí)間常用by,before等介詞或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句;或用as soon as 引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)過去時(shí)態(tài)的從句。
一般將來時(shí) 主語+shall
will
am/is/are +going to sing Tomorrow; the day after tomorrow; in five minutes
In the future等
過去將來時(shí) 主語+should
would
was/were going to sing The next year 等(往往用語賓語從句中)
本文來自:逍遙右腦記憶 http://www.simonabridal.com/gaozhong/819149.html
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