1)當(dāng)先行詞是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代詞或先行詞前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，只能用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)從句。如：
That is all that I've heard from him.He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.
2)關(guān)系代詞的省略在從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞常可省略。關(guān)系代詞緊跟介詞，作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不可用that，只可用which或whom引導(dǎo)從句，并且不可省略，但當(dāng)介詞位于賓語(yǔ)從句句末時(shí)，作為介詞賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞仍可用that，也可省略。如：This is one of those things with which we have to put up.This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.
3)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等。關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)“介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.
*→非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可修飾先行詞，也可修飾整個(gè)主句，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，與主句之間有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，若省去，原句意思不受影響。不可用that引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系詞不可省略。如：Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.
*“介詞+which\whom\whose”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句“介詞+which\whom\whose”可引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，該結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選擇取決于從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配，或先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配。如：This is the computer on which he spent all his savings.It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.
*as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，代替整個(gè)主句，從句可位于主句之前、之后或中間。如：These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行詞problems)As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主語(yǔ))
2.狀語(yǔ)從句→時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞和詞組有：1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.
→地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞是where,wherever.Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.
→原因、結(jié)果和目的狀語(yǔ)從句1）引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.2)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：so...that,such...that,so that,that,so等。Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.3)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，從句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.
→條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句1）引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞和詞組有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.2)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞和詞組有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)換成含有as的部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，具有強(qiáng)調(diào)意義。其結(jié)構(gòu)為“形容詞（副詞、動(dòng)詞、名詞）+as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”。No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)
→方式狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與事實(shí)相反。The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.
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