推理引申題解題技巧
　　閱讀的目的不僅在于讀懂原文字面上的意義，還要求在理解原文觀點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，領(lǐng)悟作者的言外之意（learn to read between the lines）�！犊荚嚧缶V》要求考生能作出簡(jiǎn)單判斷和推理、能理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度。這一能力要求常常通過(guò)推理引申題來(lái)考查。
　　推理是要求考生在閱讀過(guò)程中溝通外現(xiàn)的和內(nèi)涵的、已述的和未述的含義，以文章提供的事實(shí)為依據(jù)，經(jīng)過(guò)分析、思考形成這樣或那樣的觀點(diǎn)；要求考生在通篇理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上去領(lǐng)悟作者的言外之意，并對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)、寫(xiě)作目的意圖、文章的寓意等作出正確的推理判斷。引申要求考生在理解文章主題思想、作者的態(tài)度傾向、觀點(diǎn)意圖、情節(jié)發(fā)展等的前提下，作出合乎邏輯的引申。這類(lèi)題要求我們由已知的去推斷未知的，屬于一種深層次的理解。
　　推理引申題題干中常常含有infer，imply, suggest，conclude, learn，tone, attitude, intend， purpose 等一類(lèi)的詞。常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)形式有：
　　The purpose of the passage is to
　　It can be inferred from the passage that
　　We may infer that..
　　When the writer talks about ., what the writer really means is
　　The author suggests that.
　　The story implies that.
　　The writers attitude towards .is .
　　From the passage we can conclude that.
　　The passage is intended to .
　　In the authors opinion, .
　　The purpose of writing this passage is
　　It can be concluded that .
　　Which point of view may the author agree to ?
　　了解了這一類(lèi)題的特點(diǎn)和命題形式，我們還要注意正確的答題方法：在閱讀時(shí)要抓住文章的主題和細(xì)節(jié)，分析文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)上下文之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，推斷文章的深層含義。對(duì)于隱含在字里行間或者流露于文章修飾詞語(yǔ)中的人物的行為動(dòng)機(jī)、事件中的因果關(guān)系及作者未言明的傾向、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)、意圖等要依據(jù)文章的主題思想進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷。命題者在出推理類(lèi)題時(shí)往往編造一些文中已言明的事實(shí)、超出文章范圍的推理、過(guò)度發(fā)揮的引申等來(lái)作為干擾項(xiàng)考查考生的邏輯思維能力。因此，特別注意：文中已明確說(shuō)明的內(nèi)容不需要推理，推理以原文中心為依據(jù)，引申要適度。對(duì)于涉及作者觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度一類(lèi)題時(shí)，不要把自己的態(tài)度摻入其中，還要注意區(qū)分作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度和作者引用別人的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度，當(dāng)作者沒(méi)有明確表示態(tài)度時(shí)，要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)作者使用詞語(yǔ)的褒貶性去判斷。常用的褒義詞有：positive,  support, useful, interesting, enthusiasm, admiring, great, wonderful, beautiful, fantastic;常用的貶義詞有: disgusting, critical, negative, tolerant, disappointed, awful; 常用的表中性的詞有：indifferent, impassive, uninterested, ambivalent（矛盾的）, neutral, apathetic（無(wú)動(dòng)于衷的）, humor, disinterested.
　　看看下面的例題：（05 重慶卷 A 篇）
　　My parents were in a huge argument, and I was really upset about it . I didnt know who I should talk with about how I was feeling. So I asked Mom to allow me to stay the night at my best friends house. Though I knew I wouldnt tell her about my parents situation, I was looking forward to getting out of the house. I was in the middle of packing up my things when suddenly the power went out in the neighborhood. Mom came to tell me that I should stay with my grandpa until the power came back on.
　　I was really disappointed because I felt that we did not have much to talk about. But I knew he would be frightened alone in the dark. I went to his room and told him that Id stay with him until the power was restored. He was quite happy and said: Great opportunity.
　　What is? I asked.
　　To talk , you and I , he said . To hold a private little meeting about what were going to do with your mom and dad , and what were going to do with ourselves now that were in the situation we are in .
　　But we cant do anything about it , Grandpa, I said , surprised that here was someone with whom I could share my feelings and someone who was in the same boat as I was .
　　And thats how the most unbelievable friendship between my grandfather and me started. Sitting there in the dark, we talked about our feelings and fears of life?from how fast things change, to how they sometimes dont change fast enough. That night, because the power went out , I found a new friend, with whom I could safely talk about all my fears and pains, whatever they may be.
　　Suddenly, the lights all came back on. Well, he said, I guess that means youll go now .I really like our talk. I hope the power will go out every few nights!
　　58．What can be inferred from the passage?
　　A．The grandchild was eager to leave.  B．They would have more chats.
　　C．The lights would go out again. D．It would no longer be dark.
　　解析：短文的中心是：在一個(gè)停電的夜晚，我和爺爺愉快暢談的故事。故事中已言明：He was quite happy and said : Great opportunity.； I found a new friend, with whom I could safely talk about all my fears and pains, whatever they may be；I hope the power will go out every few nights!這些事實(shí)，結(jié)合短文的中心，我們不難推斷出：爺孫兩個(gè)人以后會(huì)有更多的交流。所以，這題答案為：B。
　　（05 重慶卷 E 篇）
　　In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people .
　　I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied (依賴(lài))on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit ( 追求)of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten .
　　However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: I may have lost, but it doesnt matter because I really didnt try. What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that ones self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (緩解) can we discover a new meaning in competition .
　　75．Which point of view may the author agree to?
　　A．Every effort should be paid back.
　　B．Competition should be encouraged.
　　C．Winning should be a life-and-death matter.
　　D．Fear of failure should be removed in competition.
　　解析：文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，第一段首句揭示主題：Opinions about competition are different among people. 第二段作者通過(guò)生活中的觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)：Many children are lost in the desire to succeed. 并表明自己的看法：In their single-minded pursuit ( 追求)of success , the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten .（在他們對(duì)成功追求的簡(jiǎn)單心態(tài)下，許多其他的品德的發(fā)展被可悲地遺忘了。）第三段第一句用到表轉(zhuǎn)折的副詞however，其后呈現(xiàn)段落主題句：while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed , others take an opposite attitude .接下來(lái)，作者分析了兩種不同態(tài)度的實(shí)質(zhì)：Both are based on the mistaken belief that ones self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others . Both are afraid of not being valued .最后作者表明自己的觀點(diǎn)：Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (緩解) can we discover a new meaning in competition .分析各個(gè)段落的主題，我們不難得出文章的中心思想：只有消除競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中的畏懼心理，我們才能發(fā)現(xiàn)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的意義。75題是一道推理題，要求我們推斷作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度，分析文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)合文章的主題，我們不難推斷出：D 為正確答案。

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